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How to remove Gmera from Mac computers
What is Gmera?
GMERA (also known as Kassi trojan) is malicious software that disguises itself as Stockfolio, a legitimate trading app created for Mac users. Research shows that there are two variants of this malware, one detected as Trojan.MacOS.GMERA.A and the other as Trojan.MacOS.GMERA.B. Cyber criminals proliferate GMERA to steal various information and upload it to a website under their control. To avoid damage caused by this malware, remove GMERA immediately.
The Trojan.MacOS.GMERA.A sample collects user information such as username, IP address, applications within the 'Applications' folder and files in the '~/Documents' and '~/Desktop' directories. It also collects details such as OS installation date, graphic and/or display information, wireless network information, and can be used to obtain screenshots. It sends the details to a server controlled by cyber criminals. Stolen data/details might include sensitive information that could be misused to generate revenue in various ways. In any case, having personal information stolen can lead to problems with privacy, identity theft, financial loss, and other issues. The Trojan.MacOS.GMERA.B version collects details such as the victim's username and IP address, and stores a number of additional files. One operates as a 'persistence mechanism', which allows GMERA to stay active even after system restarts, reboots, log-offs, etc. If you believe that software such as GMERA hides behind the legitimate Stockfolio trading app and runs in the background after launch, take immediate action and remove the malware immediately.
Trojan Killer by GridinSoft LLC is an application that can help you remove trojans and other types of viruses from your computer. Unfortunately, a version of Trojan Killer for Mac has not been developed, therefore, you might want to use other tools that can perform similar tasks. Trojan horses on Macs. Trojan horses are common to Macs and PCs. One notable Apple computer Trojan horse was found in February 2017. Dubbed 'MacDownloader,' it was malicious software hiding in a fake Adobe Flash update.
| Name | GMERA malware |
| Threat Type | Trojan, Information Stealer. |
| Detection Names | ALYac (Trojan.MacOS.GMERA), Ikarus (PUA.OSX.Adware), Full List (VirusTotal) |
| Symptoms | Trojans are designed to stealthily infiltrate the victim's computer and remain silent, and thus no particular symptoms are clearly visible on an infected machine. |
| Distribution methods | Malicious variant of legitimate Stockfolio app, infected email attachments, malicious online advertisements, social engineering, software 'cracks'. |
| Damage | Stolen information, documents, screenshots, and other files. |
| Malware Removal (Mac) | To eliminate possible malware infections, scan your Mac with legitimate antivirus software. Our security researchers recommend using Combo Cleaner. |
Fixed a bug that causes trojan to crash when a DNS query succeeds but there is no A or AAAA record related to it. Fixed CI to deploy trojan to macOS. For Mac users, a Mac Trojan removal tool that really works is a necessity. Here are ten of the most effective defense and offense tools against the most stubborn virus out there. Flashback Checker. This useful app developed by Juan Leon is a tool that checks whether there is indeed a Flashback Trojan infection present. After installation. A Trojan Horse, in the computer world, is a potentially devastating type of malware that disguises itself as something desirable in order to be installed or downloaded onto a computer system. Once the Trojan program has been installed, it goes to work with its true purpose, executing malicious activities that greatly compromise the overall security of the system. If your Mac has been infected.
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There are many other 'information stealers' online. Some examples are Amadey, Krypton Stealer, and Stalk. Typically, cyber criminals proliferate malware of this type to steal personal, sensitive details, which are misused to generate revenue in various ways. Remove all malware immediately.
How did potentially unwanted applications install on my computer?
To distribute malicious programs, cyber criminals use spam campaigns/emails, untrustworthy file or software download sources, fake software updating tools, unofficial activation tools, and Trojans. They often try to infect computers through malicious files that they attach to emails. They send these emails to many people and hope that at least some open the attached file, which then installs ransomware or other malware. Typically, they send files such as Microsoft Office or PDF documents, JavaScript files, archives including ZIP, RAR, executable files (.exe), and so on. Malware is also spread using dubious file or software download channels. Typically, cyber criminals distribute malicious software through unofficial web pages, free file hosting or freeware download websites, Peer-to-Peer networks such as torrent clients, eMule, and so on. People who download files or programs through these sources risk downloading a malicious file that, if opened, will install malware. Typically, malicious files are disguised as regular, harmless. Systems can also be infected through fake updating tools. These infect computers by exploiting bugs/flaws of outdated software installed on a the computer, or by installing malicious software rather than updates. Unofficial activation tools ('cracks') supposedly activate paid software free of charge, however, cyber criminals often design them to install malicious software. Trojans are malicious programs that cause installation of additional malware. If a system is infected with a trojan, it will be probably also be infected with other malware (these programs usually cause chain infections).
How to avoid installation of potentially unwanted applications
Links or files that are attached to irrelevant emails should not be opened, especially when they are not expected and received from unknown, suspicious addresses. Files and software should be downloaded from official websites. No other sources/tools (mentioned above) can be trusted, since cyber criminals use them to proliferate malware. Installed programs must be updated using tools or implemented functions designed by official developers. The same applies to activation of licensed programs. It is illegal to use unofficial tools to activate software. Furthermore, they often distribute malicious software. To keep your computer safe from malware attacks, regularly scan the system with reputable-anti virus or anti-spyware software and keep it up-to-date. If your computer is already infected with PUAs, we recommend running a scan with Combo Cleaner Antivirus for macOS to automatically eliminate them .
Download website of the legitimate Stockfolio app:
Update July 17, 2020 - GMERA trojan has been observed being proliferated through various trojanized/bundled legitimate applications. The previously researched samples were distributed under the guise of the Stockfolio trading app; the new versions use the genuine Kattana trading application and present the trojanized variants under these names - Cointrazer, Cupatrade, Licatrade and Trezarus. Furthermore, this malware is endorsed on malicious websites, some of which closely mimic the designs of legitimate promotional pages of crypto-trading software (e.g. imitating Kattana's official site). Unverified claims have been made that GMERA was spread through contact made with individual users, urging them to download/install the trojanized applications. While it is unclear whether this is related to the previously mentioned GMERA campaign, the statements that users were approached directly with intent to trick them into installing malware via compromised trading apps - are true. These new variants of GMERA trojan have not changed their primary functionalities in any significant capacity and possess only minor differences in-between.
Screenshot of the original Kattana website (kattana.trade):
Example of a fake Kattana website (licatrade.com):
Update July 24, 2020 - Cyber criminals have recently started a new campaign to spread GMERA trojan. They have created a fake organization named 'Int. Assoc. of Economics Modeling & Research'. They've also created a website, as well as a LinkedID and Twitter pages. It appears that cyber criminals use fake employees' accounts to send download link of a malicious cryptocurrency trading app named CupaTrade.
Screenshot of the fake organization's website (iaemr[.]org):
Instant automatic Mac malware removal:Manual threat removal might be a lengthy and complicated process that requires advanced computer skills. Combo Cleaner is a professional automatic malware removal tool that is recommended to get rid of Mac malware. Download it by clicking the button below:
▼ DOWNLOAD Combo Cleaner for MacBy downloading any software listed on this website you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. To use full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Combo Cleaner. Limited three days free trial available.
Quick menu:
- STEP 1. Remove PUA related files and folders from OSX.
- STEP 2. Remove rogue extensions from Safari.
- STEP 3. Remove rogue add-ons from Google Chrome.
- STEP 4. Remove potentially unwanted plug-ins from Mozilla Firefox.
Video showing how to remove adware and browser hijackers from a Mac computer:
Potentially unwanted applications removal:
Remove potentially unwanted applications from your 'Applications' folder:
Click the Finder icon. In the Finder window, select 'Applications'. In the applications folder, look for 'MPlayerX', 'NicePlayer', or other suspicious applications and drag them to the Trash. After removing the potentially unwanted application(s) that cause online ads, scan your Mac for any remaining unwanted components.
Combo Cleaner checks if your computer is infected with malware. To use full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Combo Cleaner. Limited three days free trial available.
Remove gmera malware related files and folders:
Click the Finder icon, from the menu bar. Choose Go, and click Go to Folder..
Check for adware-generated files in the /Library/LaunchAgents folder:
In the Go to Folder.. bar, type: /Library/LaunchAgents
In the 'LaunchAgents' folder, look for any recently-added suspicious files and move them to the Trash. Examples of files generated by adware - 'installmac.AppRemoval.plist', 'myppes.download.plist', 'mykotlerino.ltvbit.plist', 'kuklorest.update.plist', etc. Adware commonly installs several files with the same string.
Check for adware generated files in the /Library/Application Support folder:
In the Go to Folder.. bar, type: /Library/Application Support
In the 'Application Support' folder, look for any recently-added suspicious folders. For example, 'MplayerX' or 'NicePlayer', and move these folders to the Trash.
Check for adware-generated files in the ~/Library/LaunchAgents folder:
In the Go to Folder bar, type: ~/Library/LaunchAgents
In the 'LaunchAgents' folder, look for any recently-added suspicious files and move them to the Trash. Examples of files generated by adware - 'installmac.AppRemoval.plist', 'myppes.download.plist', 'mykotlerino.ltvbit.plist', 'kuklorest.update.plist', etc. Adware commonly installs several files with the same string.
Check for adware-generated files in the /Library/LaunchDaemons folder:
In the Go to Folder.. bar, type: /Library/LaunchDaemons
In the 'LaunchDaemons' folder, look for recently-added suspicious files. For example 'com.aoudad.net-preferences.plist', 'com.myppes.net-preferences.plist', 'com.kuklorest.net-preferences.plist', 'com.avickUpd.plist', etc., and move them to the Trash.
Scan your Mac with Combo Cleaner:
If you have followed all the steps in the correct order you Mac should be clean of infections. To be sure your system is not infected run a scan with Combo Cleaner Antivirus. Download it HERE. After downloading the file double click combocleaner.dmg installer, in the opened window drag and drop Combo Cleaner icon on top of the Applications icon. Now open your launchpad and click on the Combo Cleaner icon. Wait until Combo Cleaner updates it's virus definition database and click 'Start Combo Scan' button.
Combo Cleaner will scan your Mac for malware infections. If the antivirus scan displays 'no threats found' - this means that you can continue with the removal guide, otherwise it's recommended to remove any found infections before continuing.
Download website of the legitimate Stockfolio app:
Update July 17, 2020 - GMERA trojan has been observed being proliferated through various trojanized/bundled legitimate applications. The previously researched samples were distributed under the guise of the Stockfolio trading app; the new versions use the genuine Kattana trading application and present the trojanized variants under these names - Cointrazer, Cupatrade, Licatrade and Trezarus. Furthermore, this malware is endorsed on malicious websites, some of which closely mimic the designs of legitimate promotional pages of crypto-trading software (e.g. imitating Kattana's official site). Unverified claims have been made that GMERA was spread through contact made with individual users, urging them to download/install the trojanized applications. While it is unclear whether this is related to the previously mentioned GMERA campaign, the statements that users were approached directly with intent to trick them into installing malware via compromised trading apps - are true. These new variants of GMERA trojan have not changed their primary functionalities in any significant capacity and possess only minor differences in-between.
Screenshot of the original Kattana website (kattana.trade):
Example of a fake Kattana website (licatrade.com):
Update July 24, 2020 - Cyber criminals have recently started a new campaign to spread GMERA trojan. They have created a fake organization named 'Int. Assoc. of Economics Modeling & Research'. They've also created a website, as well as a LinkedID and Twitter pages. It appears that cyber criminals use fake employees' accounts to send download link of a malicious cryptocurrency trading app named CupaTrade.
Screenshot of the fake organization's website (iaemr[.]org):
Instant automatic Mac malware removal:Manual threat removal might be a lengthy and complicated process that requires advanced computer skills. Combo Cleaner is a professional automatic malware removal tool that is recommended to get rid of Mac malware. Download it by clicking the button below:
▼ DOWNLOAD Combo Cleaner for MacBy downloading any software listed on this website you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. To use full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Combo Cleaner. Limited three days free trial available.
Quick menu:
- STEP 1. Remove PUA related files and folders from OSX.
- STEP 2. Remove rogue extensions from Safari.
- STEP 3. Remove rogue add-ons from Google Chrome.
- STEP 4. Remove potentially unwanted plug-ins from Mozilla Firefox.
Video showing how to remove adware and browser hijackers from a Mac computer:
Potentially unwanted applications removal:
Remove potentially unwanted applications from your 'Applications' folder:
Click the Finder icon. In the Finder window, select 'Applications'. In the applications folder, look for 'MPlayerX', 'NicePlayer', or other suspicious applications and drag them to the Trash. After removing the potentially unwanted application(s) that cause online ads, scan your Mac for any remaining unwanted components.
Combo Cleaner checks if your computer is infected with malware. To use full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Combo Cleaner. Limited three days free trial available.
Remove gmera malware related files and folders:
Click the Finder icon, from the menu bar. Choose Go, and click Go to Folder..
Check for adware-generated files in the /Library/LaunchAgents folder:
In the Go to Folder.. bar, type: /Library/LaunchAgents
In the 'LaunchAgents' folder, look for any recently-added suspicious files and move them to the Trash. Examples of files generated by adware - 'installmac.AppRemoval.plist', 'myppes.download.plist', 'mykotlerino.ltvbit.plist', 'kuklorest.update.plist', etc. Adware commonly installs several files with the same string.
Check for adware generated files in the /Library/Application Support folder:
In the Go to Folder.. bar, type: /Library/Application Support
In the 'Application Support' folder, look for any recently-added suspicious folders. For example, 'MplayerX' or 'NicePlayer', and move these folders to the Trash.
Check for adware-generated files in the ~/Library/LaunchAgents folder:
In the Go to Folder bar, type: ~/Library/LaunchAgents
In the 'LaunchAgents' folder, look for any recently-added suspicious files and move them to the Trash. Examples of files generated by adware - 'installmac.AppRemoval.plist', 'myppes.download.plist', 'mykotlerino.ltvbit.plist', 'kuklorest.update.plist', etc. Adware commonly installs several files with the same string.
Check for adware-generated files in the /Library/LaunchDaemons folder:
In the Go to Folder.. bar, type: /Library/LaunchDaemons
In the 'LaunchDaemons' folder, look for recently-added suspicious files. For example 'com.aoudad.net-preferences.plist', 'com.myppes.net-preferences.plist', 'com.kuklorest.net-preferences.plist', 'com.avickUpd.plist', etc., and move them to the Trash.
Scan your Mac with Combo Cleaner:
If you have followed all the steps in the correct order you Mac should be clean of infections. To be sure your system is not infected run a scan with Combo Cleaner Antivirus. Download it HERE. After downloading the file double click combocleaner.dmg installer, in the opened window drag and drop Combo Cleaner icon on top of the Applications icon. Now open your launchpad and click on the Combo Cleaner icon. Wait until Combo Cleaner updates it's virus definition database and click 'Start Combo Scan' button.
Combo Cleaner will scan your Mac for malware infections. If the antivirus scan displays 'no threats found' - this means that you can continue with the removal guide, otherwise it's recommended to remove any found infections before continuing.
After removing files and folders generated by the adware, continue to remove rogue extensions from your Internet browsers.
GMERA malware removal from Internet browsers:
Remove malicious extensions from Safari:
Remove gmera malware related Safari extensions:
Open Safari browser, from the menu bar, select 'Safari' and click 'Preferences..'.
In the preferences window, select 'Extensions' and look for any recently-installed suspicious extensions. When located, click the 'Uninstall' button next to it/them. Note that you can safely uninstall all extensions from your Safari browser - none are crucial for normal browser operation.
- If you continue to have problems with browser redirects and unwanted advertisements - Reset Safari.
Remove malicious plug-ins from Mozilla Firefox:
Remove gmera malware related Mozilla Firefox add-ons:
Open your Mozilla Firefox browser. At the top right corner of the screen, click the 'Open Menu' (three horizontal lines) button. From the opened menu, choose 'Add-ons'.
Choose the 'Extensions' tab and look for any recently-installed suspicious add-ons. When located, click the 'Remove' button next to it/them. Note that you can safely uninstall all extensions from your Mozilla Firefox browser - none are crucial for normal browser operation.
- If you continue to have problems with browser redirects and unwanted advertisements - Reset Mozilla Firefox.
Remove malicious extensions from Google Chrome:
Remove gmera malware related Google Chrome add-ons:
Open Google Chrome and click the 'Chrome menu' (three horizontal lines) button located in the top-right corner of the browser window. From the drop-down menu, choose 'More Tools' and select 'Extensions'.
Scan For Trojans Mac
In the 'Extensions' window, look for any recently-installed suspicious add-ons. When located, click the 'Trash' button next to it/them. Note that you can safely uninstall all extensions from your Google Chrome browser - none are crucial for normal browser operation.
Remove Trojan Virus Mac
- If you continue to have problems with browser redirects and unwanted advertisements - Reset Google Chrome.
